The Greater Caucasus is an outstanding natural geodynamic laboratory located between  the Black Sea to the W and the Caspian Sea to the E. This intracontinental mountain belt is the result of the inversion of an intensely extended intra-continental rift basin, due to the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian (Scythian) plates. Though explored for over 100 years, and despite the fact that many aspects of the regional geology are well known, differing models for the evolution and growth of the present orogen continue to be discussed. In this special session researchers from all domains, including neighboring regions will contribute to a better understand the Caucasus mountain building process from its regional paleogeographic origin to its present morphology.